Teen Depression: A Complete Guide

Chapter 1: You’re Not Alone

As a parent, it can be heartbreaking to witness your teenage son or daughter dealing with depression. The distress and disruption it causes can make daily life seem daunting and overwhelming. 

Depression among teenagers has become a growing concern in recent years, with an alarming rise in reported cases. Unfortunately, the trauma that comes with teen depression is all too common—recent studies cited in The National Institute of Mental Health have shown that 1 in 5 teens experience mental health issues during their academic years. 

| With this diagnosis often come feelings of hopelessness, anxiety, sleeplessness, and even substance abuse including alcohol consumption; these troubles can be exacerbated if your child does not receive the right kind of help. 

But you’re not alone on this journey… If you’re worried about how to manage your teenager’s struggles with mental health issues AND drinking alcohol, this guide provides an overview of teen depression as well as suggestions for parents on how to support their children.

Chapter 2: What is Depression in Teens?

Teen depression refers to a mental health condition characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities. It affects teenagers, typically between the ages of 13 and 18, and can significantly impact their emotional well-being, academic performance, relationships, and overall quality of life.

Depression in adolescents is more than just occasional mood swings or teenage angst. It is a serious medical condition that requires attention and intervention. 

Several factors contribute to teen depression, including genetic predisposition, chemical imbalances in the brain, hormonal changes, family history of depression, trauma or abuse, social isolation, academic pressure, and high levels of stress. It is essential to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression in teenagers and seek professional help for diagnosis and treatment.

Signs and Symptoms of Teen Depression 

As a parent or caregiver, it’s important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of teen depression. Depression is a serious mental illness that can drastically impact a teen’s life, leading to problems with school, relationships, and self-esteem. 

Some signs of depression that parents and guardians should be aware of include:

• Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness
• Increased irritability or anger
• Changes in eating or sleeping patterns
• A lack of interest in activities they once enjoyed 
• Fatigue or low energy
• Difficulty concentrating
• Feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Thoughts of self-harm or suicide

It’s crucial to take any signs of depression seriously and seek professional help if needed. With early intervention and proper treatment, teens can manage their depression and go on to live fulfilling lives.

Chapter 3: Causes of Teen Depression

Teen depression is a growing concern among parents and healthcare professionals. While it’s natural for teenagers to experience mood swings and occasional feelings of sadness, depression goes beyond temporary changes in mood. 

The cause of teen depression is complex and can vary from person to person. It can be triggered by a variety of factors.

It’s essential for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals to identify the causes and early signs of teen depression and offer support and treatment to help teenagers overcome this mental health disorder.

Biological Factors

| Research suggests that biological factors can play a significant role in the development of depression among teenagers. Adolescence is a period characterized by hormonal changes, which can impact mood regulation. 

Additionally, genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing depression. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, teenagers with a family history of depression are more than three times as likely to develop depression themselves.

Academic Pressure

Teenagers today face immense pressure to perform academically. The demanding expectations from parents, teachers, and the competitive nature of the educational system can contribute to feelings of stress, anxiety, and ultimately depression. 

According to a survey conducted by the American Psychological Association, 45% of teenagers reported feeling stressed by school pressures. This pressure can result in a reduced sense of self-worth and feelings of inadequacy.

Social Media and Cyberbullying

The advent of social media has brought both benefits and challenges for teenagers. While it enables connectivity and access to information, it also exposes them to a range of pressures and risks. 

Excessive social media use has been linked to higher levels of depression among teenagers. The constant comparison to others, cyberbullying, and the fear of missing out (FOMO) can negatively impact their mental well-being. 

A study published in JAMA Pediatrics revealed that teenagers who experienced cyberbullying were at a significantly higher risk of developing depressive symptoms.

Family Dynamics and Trauma

Family dynamics and experiences of trauma within the family can profoundly impact a teenager’s mental health. Conflict, abuse, neglect, or the loss of a loved one can trigger depression. 

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, teenagers who have experienced physical, emotional, or sexual abuse are at a higher risk of developing depression. 

Additionally, growing up in a household with parental depression or substance abuse can contribute to the development of depressive symptoms.

Peer Pressure and Identity Issues

During adolescence, teenagers strive to form their identity and establish their place within peer groups. The pressure to conform and fit in can lead to feelings of isolation, low self-esteem, and depression. 

The fear of social rejection and the desire for acceptance can push teenagers to engage in risky behaviors, further exacerbating their emotional well-being.

Chapter 4: Common Coexisting Mental Health Issues

Teenagers with depression often experience coexisting mental health issues that can further complicate their well-being. Some common mental health issues that frequently coexist with depression in teenagers include:

Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, or panic disorder, are commonly found alongside depression. Teenagers may experience excessive worry, fear, or panic attacks, which can exacerbate their depressive symptoms.

Substance Abuse

Teenagers with depression are at a higher risk of developing substance abuse issues. They may turn to drugs, alcohol, or other substances as a means of self-medication or to escape their emotional pain.

Eating Disorders

Conditions like anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder often coexist with depression in teenagers. These eating disorders can arise due to body image concerns, low self-esteem, or attempts to gain control over their emotions.

Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation

Some teenagers with depression may engage in self-harming behaviors, such as cutting or burning themselves, as a way to cope with emotional pain. Suicidal ideation is also a significant concern in this population, with some teenagers experiencing thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that commonly coexists with depression in teenagers. ADHD can contribute to difficulties with focus, impulsivity, and emotional regulation, which can exacerbate depressive symptoms.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Teenagers who have experienced traumatic events, such as physical or sexual abuse, violence, or accidents, may develop PTSD alongside depression. The distressing memories, nightmares, and hypervigilance associated with PTSD can intensify depressive symptoms.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

OCD is an anxiety disorder characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. It frequently coexists with depression in teenagers and can lead to significant distress and impairment in their daily lives.

| It’s important to note that these mental health issues can manifest differently in each individual, and not all teenagers with depression will experience all of these coexisting conditions.

It’s crucial to seek professional help if you suspect your teenager is struggling with depression or any other mental health issue.

Chapter 5: Impact on Academic Performance

Teen depression can have a profound impact on academic performance. The overwhelming sense of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of motivation experienced by depressed teens can lead to difficulties in concentrating, retaining information, and completing assignments. 

Sleep Disturbance

Sleep disturbances and fatigue further exacerbate the problem, impairing their ability to focus and engage in school activities. 

Social Withdrawal

Additionally, depressed teens often withdraw socially, which isolates them from peer support and educational opportunities. 

Poor Grades and Loss of Interest

This downward spiral can result in poor grades, decreased participation, and a loss of interest in learning. Addressing teen depression through comprehensive support systems is crucial for promoting academic success and overall well-being.

Supporting depressed teens in the educational setting requires a multifaceted approach. 

Non-Judgmental Approach

Fostering a supportive and non-judgmental environment is crucial. School staff should undergo mental health training to identify warning signs and provide appropriate interventions. 

Check-Ins

Regular check-ins with students, both academically and emotionally, can help monitor their well-being. 

Collaboration

Collaboration between teachers, counselors, and parents is essential to develop personalized plans and accommodations. 

Stress Reduction

Encouraging healthy coping mechanisms and stress reduction techniques, such as mindfulness or physical activity, can also be beneficial. 

Awareness

And raising awareness through educational campaigns reduces stigma and promotes a culture of empathy, understanding, and mental health literacy.

Chapter 6: Impact on Social Interaction With Peers

Teen depression can have a profound impact on social relationships and peer interactions, significantly altering the way adolescents engage with their environment. It’s essential to recognize and address the impact of teen depression on social relationships and peer interactions.

Withdrawal and Isolation

Depression, characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities, often leads to withdrawal and isolation. This withdrawal can strain existing relationships and hinder the formation of new connections.

Detachment

Depressed teens may feel detached from their friends, family, and peers, finding it challenging to engage in meaningful interactions. They may struggle to express their emotions or find the motivation to participate in social activities, leading to a sense of distance from their support networks.

Difficulty with Friendships

Peer interactions are also affected by teen depression. Depressed teenagers may experience difficulty in forming and maintaining friendships. They may have trouble initiating conversations, participating in group activities, or expressing themselves effectively, which can lead to feelings of exclusion and alienation. 

Low Self-Esteem

Depression often distorts one’s perception of oneself, leading to low self-esteem and a negative self-image. These factors can contribute to social anxiety and self-imposed isolation, making it challenging for depressed teens to engage in healthy peer relationships.

Stigma

In addition to strained social connections, peer interactions can also be impacted by the stigma surrounding mental health. Depressed teenagers may face misunderstanding, judgment, or ridicule from their peers, further exacerbating their feelings of isolation and discouraging them from seeking help.

| Providing a supportive and understanding environment, along with access to mental health resources, can help alleviate the challenges faced by depressed teens and promote healthy social engagement. 

Building awareness and reducing the stigma surrounding mental health can foster empathy, compassion, and inclusion, enabling depressed teenagers to find the support and understanding they need to navigate their social relationships more effectively.

Chapter 7: Depression and Self-Harm, Substance Abuse, and Suicide Risk

Unfortunately, depression is often associated with several harmful behaviors, such as self-harm, substance abuse, and an increased risk of suicide.

Self-Harm

Self-harm, including cutting, burning, or other forms of self-injury, is often seen as a coping mechanism for individuals struggling with depression. 

The act of self-harm may provide temporary relief from emotional pain or serve as a way to regain a sense of control. 

However, it is important to note that self-harm is not a healthy or effective long-term solution, and it can lead to further emotional distress and physical harm.

Substance Abuse

Substance abuse is another behavior commonly associated with depression. Many individuals turn to drugs or alcohol as a means of self-medication, attempting to alleviate their depressive symptoms. 

However, substance abuse only exacerbates the problem by impairing judgment, worsening depression symptoms, and increasing the risk of addiction. 

The cycle of depression and substance abuse can become self-perpetuating, leading to a downward spiral of worsening mental and physical health.

Increased Risk of Suicide

Perhaps the most alarming correlation between depression and these behaviors is the increased risk of suicide. Depression is a significant risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. 

The feelings of hopelessness, despair, and emotional pain associated with depression can lead individuals to contemplate or act upon suicidal ideation. 

It’s crucial to take any mention or indication of suicide seriously and seek immediate help from mental health professionals or helplines.

Addressing depression and its associated behaviors requires a comprehensive approach that includes professional mental health treatment, support from loved ones, and the development of healthy coping strategies. 

Raising awareness about the correlation between depression and self-harm, substance abuse, and suicide risk, and promoting early intervention and access to appropriate mental health services is key.

Chapter 8: Treatment Options for Teen Depression

Professional Therapy

There are several therapy approaches available for treating teen depression. Here are six commonly used approaches:

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT helps teens identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to their depression. It focuses on teaching coping skills, problem-solving techniques, and challenging distorted thinking.

Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)

IPT focuses on improving the teen’s interpersonal relationships, which may be contributing to their depression. It helps them develop communication skills, resolve conflicts, and build a support system.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

DBT combines elements of CBT with mindfulness techniques. It helps teens regulate their emotions, manage distress, and develop healthy coping strategies. DBT also emphasizes acceptance and validation.

Family Therapy

Family therapy involves the entire family in the treatment process. It aims to improve family communication, resolve conflicts, and strengthen relationships. By addressing family dynamics, it can provide a supportive environment for the teen.

Psychodynamic Therapy

This approach explores the underlying unconscious conflicts and unresolved issues that may contribute to the teen’s depression. It focuses on gaining insight into their emotions, relationships, and past experiences to promote healing.

Mindfulness-Based Therapies

Mindfulness-based approaches, such as Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), teach teens to be present in the moment, observe their thoughts and feelings without judgment, and develop self-compassion. These therapies can reduce rumination and improve overall well-being.

| It’s important to note that the effectiveness of therapy approaches may vary for each individual. A combination of approaches or a tailored approach based on the teen’s needs and preferences may be most effective. 

Moreover, therapy should always be conducted by trained professionals to ensure proper guidance and support throughout the treatment process.

The Role of Mental Health Professionals and Early Intervention

The role of mental health professionals and early intervention in dealing with teen depression is of utmost importance. Teen depression is a serious mental health concern that can have long-lasting impacts on an individual’s well-being and development. 

Mental health professionals, such as therapists, psychologists, and psychiatrists, play a vital role in identifying, diagnosing, and treating depression in teenagers.

Early intervention is crucial in addressing teen depression because it can help prevent the condition from worsening and reduce the risk of long-term negative consequences. 

Mental health professionals are trained to recognize the signs and symptoms of depression, such as persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities, changes in appetite and sleep patterns, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of self-harm or suicide. 

By conducting comprehensive assessments and utilizing evidence-based treatment approaches, mental health professionals can provide the necessary support and interventions to help teens overcome their depressive symptoms.

Moreover, mental health professionals also play a significant role in educating parents, teachers, and other caregivers about the signs of teen depression and the importance of early intervention. 

They can offer guidance on how to create a supportive and nurturing environment for the teenager and provide coping strategies and techniques for both the affected individual and their support network.

By identifying and treating depression early on, mental health professionals can help teenagers lead happier, healthier lives and prevent the potential long-term consequences associated with untreated depression.

Medication

Treating teen depression often involves a multimodal approach that may include psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, medication. 

Antidepressant medication is one option that may be prescribed for teenagers with moderate to severe depression. Here is a description of the use of antidepressants in treating teen depression, along with considerations, benefits, and potential side effects:

Diagnosis

A thorough evaluation by a mental health professional is essential to diagnose depression accurately and determine if medication is appropriate. Factors such as the severity of symptoms, duration of symptoms, and functional impairment are also considered.

Individualized approach

The choice to use antidepressants should be based on a personalized assessment of the teenager’s unique circumstances, including their overall health, specific symptoms, and the presence of any other mental health conditions or physical illnesses.

Close Monitoring

Teens prescribed antidepressants should receive regular follow-up appointments to monitor their progress, evaluate side effects, and adjust the medication dosage if needed.

Potential Risks

Some antidepressants may have an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors in teenagers, especially during the initial weeks of treatment. Close monitoring and communication between the teenager, their parents, and healthcare providers are crucial to address this risk.

Symptom Relief

Antidepressants can help alleviate the symptoms of depression, such as persistent sadness, loss of interest, feelings of worthlessness, and disrupted sleep or appetite.

Improved Functioning

By reducing depressive symptoms, medication may help teenagers regain their ability to concentrate, engage in daily activities, perform better academically, and participate in social interactions.

Support for Therapy

Antidepressants can complement psychotherapy by providing relief from severe symptoms, making it easier for teenagers to engage in therapy and derive greater benefits from it.

Common Side Effects

Antidepressants may cause side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, gastrointestinal distress, headaches, or changes in appetite or weight. These side effects are usually temporary and tend to diminish over time.

Sexual Side Effects

Some antidepressants can affect sexual desire, arousal, or performance. It’s important to discuss any concerns about these side effects with the prescribing healthcare provider.

Emotional Blunting

In some cases, antidepressants may lead to a reduction in emotional reactivity or blunting of emotions, which can be undesirable for some individuals.

Withdrawal Symptoms

Abruptly stopping certain types of antidepressants may lead to withdrawal symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, flu-like symptoms, or mood swings. Tapering off the medication under medical supervision is usually recommended.

Rare But Serious Risks

While rare, some antidepressants may carry the risk of a condition called serotonin syndrome, which is characterized by a potentially life-threatening increase in serotonin levels. Additionally, a small subset of teenagers may experience an increased risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors when starting antidepressant medication.

A Collaborative Decision

The decision to use antidepressant medication for teen depression should be made collaboratively between the teenager, their parents or guardians, and a qualified healthcare professional. 

| The benefits and risks of medication should be carefully weighed, considering the individual’s unique circumstances and preferences. 

Regular monitoring, open communication, and a comprehensive treatment approach that includes therapy and other supportive measures are vital components of successful treatment.

Alternative and Complementary Treatments

While medication can be an effective treatment option, non-medication approaches are also valuable and can be used as standalone interventions or in combination with medication. 

Three non-medication approaches that have shown promise in helping teens with depression are exercise, mindfulness, and art therapy.

Exercise

Regular physical activity has been found to have positive effects on mental health, including reducing symptoms of depression. Engaging in exercise releases endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. 

It can also improve sleep, increase self-esteem, and provide a sense of accomplishment. 

Encouraging teenagers to participate in activities they enjoy, such as team sports, dancing, or hiking, can help combat depressive symptoms. 

Additionally, exercise can provide an opportunity for social interaction, fostering a sense of connection and support.

Mindfulness

Mindfulness-based interventions, such as mindfulness meditation and yoga, have gained attention for their potential to alleviate symptoms of depression. 

Mindfulness involves paying attention to the present moment without judgment. It can help teens become more aware of their thoughts and feelings, allowing them to better manage and regulate their emotions. 

| Cultivating mindfulness can enhance self-awareness and provide a sense of calm, which can be particularly beneficial for teens experiencing depression.

Mindfulness practices can be learned through books, online resources, or attending mindfulness-based programs. 

Art Therapy

Art therapy provides a creative outlet for teenagers to express their emotions and thoughts. Engaging in art can help teens explore and process their experiences, facilitating self-reflection and personal growth. 

Art therapy allows individuals to communicate non-verbally and may provide an alternative means of expression for those who struggle with verbalizing their feelings. 

Through various art forms such as painting, drawing, or sculpture, teens can find solace, develop coping strategies, and gain a sense of control over their emotions.

These three approaches provide tools for self-care, promote emotional well-being, and empower teens to actively participate in their recovery process.

It is important to note that while these non-medication approaches can be beneficial, they may not be sufficient for severe cases of depression. 

It’s crucial for teens experiencing depression to have access to professional support, such as therapy or counseling, to address underlying issues and receive comprehensive care.

Chapter 9: Preventative Measures to Help Reduce the Risk of Depression

While there are many treatment options available, prevention is always the best course of action. The good news is that there are many steps teens can take to reduce their risk of developing depression. 

1. Regular exercise
2. A healthy diet
3. Getting enough sleep 
4. Building strong relationships with friends and family
5. Finding a passion and purpose 
6. Managing stress through relaxation techniques like yoga or meditation 
7. Having parental support with safe spaces
8. Open communication with parents 

Self-Care Practices for Teens Suffering From Depression

Depression can be a debilitating and isolating experience for anyone, but especially for teens who may not have developed effective coping mechanisms yet. 

It’s important for teens with depression to prioritize self-care practices that can help them feel better both physically and mentally. This may include:

• Making time for exercise
• Getting enough sleep
• Eating healthy meals
• Engaging in activities they enjoy
• Seeking support from trusted friends and adults

By establishing a consistent self-care routine, teens can strengthen their resilience and improve their overall well-being. It’s never easy to navigate depression, but taking care of oneself is an essential part of the healing process.

Parent’s Role in Supporting Teens With Depression

Parents play a vital role in providing emotional support and effective communication for their depressed teenager. It’s important for parents to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where their teenager feels comfortable expressing their emotions. 

Active Listening

Active listening is key, allowing the teenager to share their thoughts and feelings without interruption.

Offering Empathy

Empathy is crucial in understanding the teenager’s perspective and validating their experiences. Parents should avoid dismissing or minimizing their emotions, instead acknowledging and empathizing with their struggles. 

Offering reassurance and encouragement can help instill hope and build their self-esteem.

Open Communication

Maintaining open lines of communication is essential. Parents should initiate conversations regularly and be attentive to changes in their teenager’s behavior or mood. They can also encourage their teenager to express themselves through writing or other creative outlets.

Support the Counsellor’s Role

In addition to emotional support, parents should encourage their teenager to seek professional help from a therapist or counselor. They can play a supportive role by accompanying their teenager to appointments and being involved in their treatment plan.

Self-Care

Lastly, parents should prioritize self-care and seek support for themselves to ensure they have the emotional resources to support their teenager effectively

Create a Supportive Environment

Creating a nurturing and understanding home environment for a depressed teenager requires empathy, communication, and support. Here are some ways:

1. Parents can start by actively listening to their teens without judgment or criticism. Encouraging open dialogue about their emotions and experiences can help them feel heard and validated. 

2. Establishing consistent routines and promoting healthy habits, such as regular sleep patterns and nutritious meals, can contribute to their overall well-being. 

3. Engaging in activities together, such as hobbies or outings, can provide a sense of connection. 

4. Seeking professional help, such as therapy or counseling, is crucial, and parents should be proactive in finding suitable resources. 

5. Most importantly, parents should show unconditional love, patience, and understanding, reassuring their teenagers that they are not alone in their struggles.

Tips for Discussing Teen Depression with Family and Friends

Discussing teen depression with family and friends can be a difficult conversation to have, but it’s one that’s important to start. 

The first tip to keep in mind is that your teen is not alone in this. Many families and friends have dealt with depression before, and they can offer their support and understanding. 

| It’s important to approach the conversation in a non-judgmental and caring manner and to actively listen to what your loved one is saying. 

Remember that depression is a serious illness and that your teen may need professional help. You can work together to find resources, such as therapists or support groups, or even just be a listening ear. 

The most important tip is to always be there for your teen and remind them that they are loved and valued.

Ways to Seek Professional Help When Needed 

Seeking professional help is a brave and necessary step toward healing and growth. 

• There are several ways to access support, starting with scheduling an appointment with a therapist or counselor. 
• Many mental health professionals offer teletherapy sessions that can take place over the phone or through video chat. 
• For those who prefer to seek help anonymously, there are also support groups that can provide a sense of community and connection. 
• Remember that reaching out for help is a sign of strength, and there is no shame in seeking the support your teen needs.

Help is Available

Teen depression is an increasing concern in today’s society. Taking preventative measures to address potential causes can reduce the risk of teens developing depression. 

When signs and symptoms are spotted, it’s important for friends and family to have a supportive, open conversation with the teen about their feelings, and connect them with professional help if needed. 

There are also certain self-care practices that teens can use as part of their self-care regime to cope with and manage depression. 

As parents and caretakers of young people, it is our duty to be conscious of the ways we can better support our teens during this trying time in their lives. 

If your son or daughter is suffering from symptoms of depression please contact us, so we can talk about their need for treatment. 

Key Takeaways

• Teen depression is a serious concern that requires parental awareness, support, and early intervention
• Recognizing the symptoms and understanding the causes of teen depression is crucial
• Treatment options include professional therapy, medication, and alternative approaches
• Parental support and involvement are vital in supporting depressed teens
• Depression can significantly impact academic performance, social relationships, and overall well-being

Resources

Help Lines

Chat Line:  988lifeline.org

Contact a suicide hotline.

• In the U.S., call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Or use the Lifeline Chat. The Spanish language phone line is 1-888-628-9454 (toll-free). Services are free and confidential.
• Or contact a crisis service for teenagers in the U.S. called TXT 4 HELP: Text the word “safe” and your current location to 4HELP (44357) for immediate help, with the option for interactive texting.

Websites

• Mayo Clinic. (2019). Teen depression

• National Institute of Mental Health. (2021). Teen depression 

• Teen Mental Health: This website offers a comprehensive range of information on mental health, including depression, specifically tailored for teenagers. It includes articles, videos, self-help resources, and access to support services.

• KidsHealth: KidsHealth is a trusted online resource that covers a wide range of health topics for children and teenagers. They have a dedicated section on teen depression, which provides information on causes, symptoms, treatment options, and tips for coping.

• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): NIMH is a U.S. government organization that conducts research on mental health. Their website includes resources on depression, including information on symptoms, treatment, and research findings.

• American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP): AACAP is a professional organization specializing in child and adolescent psychiatry. Their website offers resources for teens and parents, including information on depression, treatment options, and how to find a mental health professional.

• Mental Health America (MHA): MHA is a leading nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting mental health. Their website provides information on various mental health conditions, including depression, and offers screening tools, resources, and a helpline.

• Headspace: Headspace is a mindfulness and meditation app that also provides resources on mental health for young people. They have a section on their website specifically focused on depression, offering articles, exercises, and techniques to manage symptoms.

Please note that while these websites provide valuable information and resources, it’s important to consult with a mental health professional or a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis, personalized advice, and appropriate treatment options.

Books

• Vizzini, N. (2006). It’s kind of a funny story. Hyperion
• Chbosky, S. (1999). The perks of being a wallflower. MTV Books
• Niven, J. (2015). All the bright places. Knopf
• Plath, S. (1963). The bell jar. Harper & Row
• Green, J. (2017). Turtles all the way down. Dutton Books
• Kinsella, S. (2015). Finding Audrey. Delacorte Press